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H. D. Deve Gowda

पढ़ेंसंपादित करेंइतिहास देखेंEnglish

हिन्दुस्तान पीडिया, स्वतंत्र ज्ञानकोश से

H. D. Deve Gowda
EducationDiploma in Civil Engineering, L. V. Polytechnic, Hassan
Born18/05/1933
ConstituencyRamanagara
Succeeded byCM Lingappa
Preceded byCM Lingappa
GovernorKhurshed Alam Khan
PartyJanata Dal (Secular) (1999–present)
Other political affiliationsNational Democratic Alliance (2007–2008; 2023–present) Janata Dal (1990–1999) Janata Party (1977–1990) Indian National Congress (Organisation) (1972–1976) UOP (1976–1977) Indian National Congress (1953–1962)
SpouseChennamma ​ ​ ( m. 1954 ; died 2026 ) ​
Children6 ( H. D. Balakrishna H. D. Revanna H. D. Kumaraswamy H. D. Ramesh Anasuya Manjunath H. D. Shylaja )
RelativesBhavani Revanna {(daughter-in-law)} Anitha Kumaraswamy (daughter-in-law) and C. N. Manjunath (son-in-law)
ProfessionPolitician agriculturist civil engineer
Websitehddevegowda .in
Prime MinisterHimself
Vice PresidentK. R. Narayanan
PresidentShankar Dayal Sharma
NicknamesMannina Maga Dodda Gowdaru

Haradanahalli Doddegowda Deve Gowda (pronunciationⓘ; born 18 May 1933)[2] is an Indian politician who served as the Prime minister of India for nearly 11 months, from 1996 to 1997,[3][4] and previously as the Chief minister of Karnataka (1994 – 1996) and a Member of Parliament (MP) in the Lok Sabha. A member of the Janata Dal (Secular), he has been serving as the party's president since 1999 and has been an MP in the Rajya Sabha representing Karnataka since 2020.[5]

Born in a family of farmers, Deve Gowda joined the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1953 and remained a member until 1962. He became president of the state unit of the Janata Dal in 1994 and was considered to be a driving force in the party's victory in Karnataka. He served as the chief minister of Karnataka from 1994 to 1996. In the 1996 general elections, no party won enough seats to form a government and Deve Gowda was elected to serve as prime minister as head of the United Front coalition.[6][7] His premiership lasted for less than a year and he left office in April 1997. After his prime ministerial tenure, he was re-elected to the Lok Sabha as a Member of Parliament until his defeats in 1999 and 2019.[8] Deve Gowda was elected to the Rajya Sabha in 2020.

Following the death of former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh in 2024, Gowda became the only living former Prime Minister of India and held several meetings individually with PM Narendra Modi.

Early life and career[संपादित करें]

H. D. Deve Gowda was born on 18 May 1933 in Haradanahalli, a village in Holenarasipura Taluk, of the erstwhile Kingdom of Mysore (now in Hassan, Karnataka). His father Dodde Gowda was a paddy farmer and his mother, Devamma was a home maker. He is from the dominant Vokkaliga community who consider him as their community leader.[9][10]

Deve Gowda earned a diploma in civil engineering from L. V. Polytechnic, Hassan, in the early 1950s.[11]

Deve Gowda joined the Indian National Congress party in 1953 and remained a member until 1962. During that period, he was President of Anjaneya Cooperative Society of Holenarasipura and later became a member of the Taluk Development Board of Holenarasipura.

State politics (1962–1996)[संपादित करें]

In 1962, Deve Gowda was elected to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Holenarasipura constituency as an independent candidate. Later, he was elected from the same constituency to the Assembly for six consecutive terms from 1962 to 1989. He joined the Congress (O) during the Congress split. He served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly from March 1972 to March 1976 and from November 1976 to December 1977.[12] During the Emergency in the 1970s, he was imprisoned in the Bangalore Central Jail.

Later, Deve Gowda served as the two-time president of the state unit of the Janata Party. He served as a minister in the Janata Party Government in Karnataka headed by Ramakrishna Hegde from 1983 to 1988. When V.P. Singh joined Janata Dal, Subramanian Swamy formed Janata Party (Jaya Prakash) faction, and Deve Gowda joined him to become Janata Party (JP)'s Karnataka President. He was later defeated from Holenarasipur in 1989, and soon later rejoined Janata Dal.[13] He became president of the state unit of the Janata Dal in 1994 and led the party to victory in the 1994 State Assembly elections. He was elected from the Ramanagara, and sworn in as the 14th Chief Minister of Karnataka in December.

As chief minister, Gowda toured Switzerland and attended the Forum of International Economists. His tour to Singapore brought in foreign investment to the State.[2] He resigned from the position to serve as prime minister following his appointment in 1996.

Premiership (1996–1997)[संपादित करें]

Following the 1996 general elections, P. V. Narasimha Rao government was defeated with no other party winning enough seats to form a government.

When the United Front (a conglomeration of non-Congress and non-BJP regional parties) decided to form the Government at the centre with the support of the Congress and CPI(M), Deve Gowda was unexpectedly chosen to head the government after V. P. Singh and Jyoti Basu declined.[14][15] He was sworn in as the 11th Prime Minister of India in June 1996 and was elected to the Rajya Sabha in September 1996 during his tenure as prime minister after Indira Gandhi's tenure in Rajya Sabha.[5] During his tenure, he served as the Home Minister and as the Chairman of the Steering Committee of the United Front, the policy-making committee consisting of other coalition party leaders.[5] He is credited with providing financial closure and kickstarting development of the Delhi Metro Project.[16] He left office on 21 April 1997[17] after the Congress revoked its support for Gowda amidst discontent over communication between the coalition and the Congress. It compromised to support a new government under I. K. Gujral, who served as the prime minister from 21 April 1997 to 19 March 1998.

Post-premiership (1997–present)[संपादित करें]

He was defeated in the 1999 general elections by Congress's G. Putta Swamy Gowda in Hassan Lok Sabha constituency.[18] He was elected the president of the Janata Dal (Secular) the same year. Subsequently, he won Kanakapura Lok Sabha by-poll in 2002 against D. K. Shivakumar.[19]

The 2004 Karnataka state elections witnessed the revival of his party's fortunes under the leadership of Siddaramaiah with the Janata Dal (Secular) winning 58 seats and becoming a part of the ruling coalition with Congress. In 2006, 39 JD(S) MLAs pulled support from Congress-JD(S) coalition government and formed a new coalition government with BJP, against Deve Gowda's wishes.[20][21] His son H. D. Kumaraswamy led[22] the formation of this government and served as the chief minister of the state for 20 months.[23][24]

Deve Gowda expelled Siddaramaiah from the JD(S) in 2005.[25][26][27][28] Later, Siddaramaiah joined the Indian National Congress,[29] which won the 2013 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election, with Siddaramaiah being elected as the Chief Minister of Karnataka.[30] In 2018, Gowda played vital role with Sonia Gandhi to form INC-JDS combine rule.[31]

Deve Gowda contested the 2019 general elections against G. S. Basavaraj in Tumkur Lok Sabha constituency of Karnataka. G. S. Basavaraj, BJP candidate of Tumkur Constituency won against Deve Gowda by a margin of 13,339 votes. G. S. Basavaraj polled 596,127 votes while Deve Gowda got 582,788 votes.[32] He was elected to Rajya Sabha again in 2020.[33]

Personal life[संपादित करें]

He married Chennamma in 1954 and spent 72 years together until her death on 18 July 2026.[34] They had six children together: four sons, including politicians H. D. Revanna who is PWD minister and H. D. Kumaraswamy, who is a former Chief Minister of Karnataka and current Union Minister, and two daughters.[35] He is the father-in-law of politicians Anitha Kumaraswamy and C. N. Manjunath, and grandfather of actor-turned-politician Nikhil Kumaraswamy, politician Suraj Revanna, and former politician and convicted rapist Prajwal Revanna.

Gowda is a vegetarian. In 2024, he commented that "I was against cruelty towards animals and hence turned vegetarian more than 50 years ago. I’m diabetic and suffer from hypertension, so I want what I eat and keep it simple".[36]

In 2025, Gowda was hospitalised in Bengaluru after he developed urinary tract infection.[37]

Electoral history[संपादित करें]

Legislative Assembly Elections[संपादित करें]

Legislative Assembly Elections
Year Constituency Party Result Votes Opposition Candidate Opposition Party Opposition votes Ref
1962 Holenarasipur IND Won 12,622 H. D. Doddegowda INC 7,338 [38]
1967 Holenarasipur IND Won 20,594 H. D. Doddegowda INC 12,191 [38]
1972 Holenarasipur INC(O) Won 26,639 K. Kumaraswamy INC 20,475 [38]
1978 Holenarasipur JNP Won 33,992 K. Kumaraswamy INC 28,472 [38]
1983 Holenarasipur JNP Won 37,239 K. Kumaraswamy INC 28,158 [38]
1985 Holenarasipur JNP Won 41,230 G. Puttaswamy Gowda IND 38,063 [38]
1985 Sathanur JNP Won 45,612 D. K. Shivakumar INC 29,809 [39]
1989 Holenarasipur JNP Lost 45,461 G. Puttaswamy Gowda, INC 53,297 [38]
1989 Kanakapura JNP Lost 45,461 G. pgr Scindia INC 53,297 [38]
1994 Ramanagara JD Won 47,986 C. M. Lingappa INC 38,392 [40]

Lok Sabha Election[संपादित करें]

Parliament Elections
Year Constituency Party Result Votes Opposition Candidate Opposition Party Opposition votes Ref
1991 Hassan JNP Won 2,60,761 H. C. Srikantaiah INC 2,57,570 [41]
1998 Hassan JD Won 3,36,407 H. C. Srikantaiah INC 3,04,753 [41]
1999 Hassan JD(S) Lost 2,56,587 G. Putta Swamy Gowda INC 3,98,344 [41]
2002
(bypoll)		 Kanakapura JD(S) Won 5,81,709 D. K. Shivakumar INC 5,29,133 [42]
2004 Hassan JD(S) Won 4,62,625 H. C. Srikantaiah INC 2,72,320 [41]
2004 Kanakapura JD(S) Lost 4,62,320 Tejashwini Sreeramesh INC 2,72,320 [43]
2009 Hassan JD(S) Won 4,96,429 K. H. Hanume Gowda BJP 2,05,316 [41]
2014 Hassan JD(S) Won 5,09,841 A. Manju INC 4,09,379 [41]
2019 Tumkur JD(S) Lost 5,82,788 G. S. Basavaraj BJP 5,96,127 [44]

Rajya Sabha[संपादित करें]

Position Party Constituency From To Tenure
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
(1st Term) 		JD Karnataka 23 Sept
1996 		2 March
1998 		1 year, 160 days
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
(2nd Term) 		JD(S) 26 June
2020 		25 June
2026 		5 years, 364 days

Positions held[संपादित करें]

Positions Held by Shri H.D. Devegowda
Year Position Description
1962–1989 Member, Karnataka Legislative Assembly Seven terms
1972–1976 Leader of Opposition, Karnataka Legislative Assembly
1983–1989 Minister, Public Works and Irrigation, Government of Karnataka
1985–1989 Chairman, Public Accounts Committee, Karnataka Legislative Assembly
1991–1994 Member, Tenth Lok Sabha First term
1991–1994 Member, Committee on Commerce
1991–1994 Member, Joint Parliamentary Committee on Fertilizers
1991–1994 Member, Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Agriculture
1993–1994 Member, Karnataka Legislative Assembly
1994–1996 Chief Minister, Government of Karnataka
June 1996–April 1997 Prime Minister of India In charge of multiple Ministries/Departments including
Petroleum and Chemicals, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions,
Atomic Energy, Home Affairs, Agriculture, Food Processing Industries,
Urban Affairs, Employment, and Non-Conventional Energy Sources.
Sept. 1996 Elected to Rajya Sabha First term
Nov. 1996–April 1997 Leader of the House, Rajya Sabha
1998–1999 Member, Twelfth Lok Sabha Second term
2002–2004 Member, Thirteenth Lok Sabha Elected in bye-election, third term
2004–2009 Member, Fourteenth Lok Sabha Fourth term
Aug. 2006–2008 Member, Committee on Railways
2009–2014 Member, Fifteenth Lok Sabha Fifth term
Aug. 2009 Member, Committee on Defence
May 2014 – 2019 Member, Sixteenth Lok Sabha Sixth term
Sept. 2014–May 2019 Member, Committee on Defence
Sept. 2014–May 2019 Member, Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Urban Development, Housing, and Urban Poverty Alleviation
June 2020 Elected to Rajya Sabha Second term
July 2020–Sept. 2022 Member, Committee on Railways
Sept. 2022–June 2024 Member, Committee on Water Resources
Sept. 2022–Oct. 2024 onwards Member, Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer's Welfare
Sept. 2024 onwards Member, Committee on Rural Development and Panchayati Raj

See also[संपादित करें]

  • List of prime ministers of India
  • List of chief ministers of Karnataka

External links[संपादित करें]

संदर्भ / स्रोत

  1. ^ "Leaders of the Opposition of Karnataka Legislative Assembly since 1962" . kla.kar.nic.in . Retrieved 9 August 2021 . ↗
  2. ^ a b "Shri H. D. Deve Gowda" . pmindia.gov.in . Retrieved 4 August 2012 . ↗
  3. ^ Press Trust of India (25 February 2015). "I will not contest any more elections: Deve Gowda" . The Hindu . Retrieved 13 December 2021 . Gowda became the 12th Prime Minister in June 1996. ↗
  4. ^ "Britannica article" . Retrieved 16 October 2014 . ↗
  5. ^ a b c "JDS Leader: H. D. Deve Gowda Profile" . janata.in. Archived from the original on 25 September 2010 . Retrieved 11 June 2017 . ↗
  6. ^ Mukerji, Debashish (8 December 2021). "Before Deve Gowda, VP Singh was asked to be PM of United Front. He hid in his flat, car" . ThePrint . Retrieved 29 June 2024 . ↗
  7. ^ Srinivasaraju, Sugata (5 June 2021). "Deve Gowda and the accidental prime ministers" . The New Indian Express . Retrieved 29 June 2024 . ↗
  8. ^ "Hassan Election Result 2019" . Times Now. 23 May 2019 . Retrieved 24 May 2019 . ↗
  9. ^ "Asiaweek article" . Retrieved 30 September 2007 . ↗
  10. ^ "New Indian Express article" . Archived from the original on 29 March 2014 . Retrieved 28 March 2014 . ↗
  11. ^ "Deve Gowda goes down memory lane" . The Hindu . 2 February 2009. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023 . Retrieved 11 June 2017 . ↗
  12. ^ "Janata Dal (Secular)" . Janatadalsecular.org.in . Retrieved 4 August 2012 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ( link ) ↗
  13. ^ "Holenarasipur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency" . ↗
  14. ^ "Why Jyoti Basu could not be PM" . Times of India Blog . 10 January 2010 . Retrieved 26 December 2022 . ↗
  15. ^ Mukul, Akshaya. "Historic blunder: How hardliners denied Basu the chance to be PM" . The Economic Times . Retrieved 26 December 2022 . ↗
  16. ^ "The derailment of E Sreedharan" . TOI . 2 March 2021 . Retrieved 4 March 2021 . ↗
  17. ^ "25 years ago HD Deve Gowda took oath as PM; JDS highlights achievements" . www.business-standard.com . Press Trust of India. 1 June 2021 . Retrieved 26 December 2022 . ↗
  18. ^ "1999 India General (13th Lok Sabha) Elections Results" . ↗
  19. ^ "Son of the soil Gowda rises from Kanakapura" . The Times of India . 24 February 2002. ISSN 0971-8257 . Retrieved 18 July 2026 . ↗
  20. ^ "Kumaraswamy takes oath as Karnataka CM" . Rediff . Retrieved 18 July 2026 . ↗
  21. ^ Krishna, Srikanth (12 June 2018). "Deve Gowda did not want me as chief minister but Congress insisted, says HD Kumaraswamy" . www.ibtimes.co.in . Retrieved 18 July 2026 . ↗
  22. ^ "Coup in Karnataka" . Frontline . 10 February 2006 . Retrieved 18 July 2026 . ↗
  23. ^ "Janata Dal Secular" . Janata.in. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011 . Retrieved 4 August 2012 . ↗
  24. ^ "Janata Dal (Secular)" . Janatadalsecular.org.in . Retrieved 4 August 2012 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ( link ) ↗
  25. ^ "Siddaramaiah under pressure to revive AHINDA" . The Hindu . 23 June 2006 . Retrieved 13 October 2017 . ↗
  26. ^ "AHINDA leaders divided over Siddaramaiah's likely pact with BJP" . The Hindu . 7 January 2009. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020 . Retrieved 13 October 2017 . ↗
  27. ^ "Ahinda movement will be strengthened to prevent Dalits from joining Hindutva fold" . The Times of India . 24 July 2017 . Retrieved 13 October 2017 . ↗
  28. ^ "JD(S) to expel Siddaramaiah, Ibrahim" . The Hindu . 2 October 2005. Archived from the original on 29 May 2006 . Retrieved 12 May 2013 . ↗
  29. ^ "Siddaramaiah joins Congress" . Hindustan Times . Retrieved 12 May 2013 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ( link ) ↗
  30. ^ "Siddaramaiah to be sworn-in as Karnataka Chief Minister on Monday" . NDTV.com . Retrieved 12 May 2013 . ↗
  31. ^ Sethi, Aman (16 May 2018). "Karnataka Election: How Deve Gowda Learnt To Stop Worrying And Trust The Congress (Again)" . The Huffington Post . Archived from the original on 10 January 2019 . Retrieved 17 May 2018 . ↗
  32. ^ "Lok Sabha election results 2019: Former Prime Minister Deve Gowda loses to BJP's GS Basavaraju in Tumkur" . CNBCTV18 . 23 May 2019 . Retrieved 23 May 2019 . ↗
  33. ^ "HD Deve Gowda Takes Rajya Sabha Oath, "Good Addition," Says Chairman" . www.ndtv.com . Archived from the original on 8 June 2025 . Retrieved 18 July 2026 . ↗
  34. ^ "Former Prime Minister H.D. Deve Gowda's wife Chennamma passes away" . The Hindu . 18 July 2026 . Retrieved 18 July 2026 . ↗
  35. ^ Baweja, Harinder (31 January 1997). "The taste of power" . India Today . Retrieved 11 June 2017 . ↗
  36. ^ "At 91, HD Deve Gowda persists with tireless canvassing" . The Times of India . 2024. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. ↗
  37. ^ "Former Prime Minister H.D. Deve Gowda hospitalised in Bengaluru with infection; condition stable" . The Hindu . 7 October 2025 . Retrieved 8 October 2025 . ↗
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h "Holenarasipur (Karnataka) Assembly Constituency Elections" . elections.in . Retrieved 28 December 2021 . ↗
  39. ^ "Sathanur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency" . resultuniversity.com . Retrieved 30 October 2023 . ↗
  40. ^ "Ramanagaram (Karnataka) Assembly Constituency Elections" . elections.in . Retrieved 28 December 2021 . ↗
  41. ^ a b c d e f "Hassan Parliamentary Constituency Election and Results Update" . elections.in . Retrieved 28 December 2021 . ↗
  42. ^ "PC Bye Election: Kanakapura 2002" . indiavotes.com . Retrieved 28 December 2021 . ↗
  43. ^ 2004 General Election eci.gov.in [ dead link ] ↗
  44. ^ "Tumkur Parliamentary Constituency Election and Results Update" . elections.in . Retrieved 28 December 2021 . ↗
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