Droupadi Murmu [1] (born Durgi Tudu ; [2] 20 June 1958) is an Indian politician who has served as the president of India since 2022. She won the 2022 presidential election from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). [3] She is the first person belonging to a tribal community and also the second woman, after Pratibha Patil, to hold the office. She is also the youngest person to occupy the post (at 64) and the first president born in independent India. [4] [5] Previously, she served as the governor of Jharkhand from 2015 to 2021, being the longest-serving…
Droupadi Murmu[1] (born Durgi Tudu;[2] 20 June 1958) is an Indian politician who has served as the president of India since 2022. She won the 2022 presidential election from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[3] She is the first person belonging to a tribal community and also the second woman, after Pratibha Patil, to hold the office. She is also the youngest person to occupy the post (at 64) and the first president born in independent India.[4][5]
Previously, she served as the governor of Jharkhand from 2015 to 2021, being the longest-serving governor for that state, as a member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly from Rairangpur Assembly constituency from 2000 to 2009, and as minister of State (Independent Charge), Government of Odisha, from 2000 to 2004. Before entering politics, she worked as a clerk in the State Irrigation and Power Department from 1979 to 1983, and then as a teacher in Rairangpur from 1994 until 1997.[3]
Personal life
Droupadi Murmu was born to a Santali family on 20 June 1958, in Uparbeda village[6] in the Baidaposi area of Rairangpur, Odisha.[7] Her father Biranchi Narayan Tudu was a farmer.[8] Her father and grandfather were traditional heads (designated Sarpanch) of the village council (Gram Panchayat).[6] Her family named her Durgi Tudu, after her paternal grandmother, and her nickname was Batti which eventually became Puti. She was renamed by her school teacher to Droupadi, and her name was changed several times to those including Durpadi and Dorpdi in the past.[9]
Murmu studied elementary education at the local primary school in Upar Beda. At age five, she moved to Bhubaneswar for higher studies.[10] She completed secondary education from Girl's High School Unit-2, and graduated in B.A. from Rama Devi Women's University.[11]
She married Shyam Charan Murmu (1 April 1958 – 1 August 2014),[8] a banker,[10] in 1980[12][13] with whom she had two sons and a daughter, Itishree Murmu.[14][15] Her husband, two sons (Sipun died in a road accident and Laxman died in mysterious circumstances), mother, and a brother all died in a span of 7 years, from 2009 to 2015.[16][17][18] She is a follower of the Brahma Kumaris spiritual movement.[19]
Murmu is an admirer of India's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. She has also hailed Mahatma Gandhi and B. R. Ambedkar.[20][21]
Early career
From 1979 to 1983, Murmu worked as a junior assistant at the irrigation department of the Government of Odisha. From 1994 to 1997, she then worked as a teacher at the school Sri Aurobindo Integral Education and Research Centre in Rairangpur, where she taught Hindi, Odia, mathematics, and geography.[22][20] She never claimed a full salary at the school.[10]
Political career
In 1997, Droupadi Murmu was elected as the councillor of the Rairangpur Nagar Panchayat as an independent candidate from a reserved seat for scheduled tribe women, and subsequently became Vice Chairperson of Rairangpur NAC. She joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) the same year.[10][20][22][23]
She won the 2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election from the Rairangpur Assembly constituency and served two terms in the Odisha Legislative Assembly between 2000 and 2009.[4] During the BJP and BJD coalition government in Odisha, she was the Minister of State with Independent Charge for Commerce and Transportation from 6 March 2000 to 6 August 2002, and Fisheries and Animal Resources Development from 6 August 2002 to 16 May 2004.[20][24]
In 2007, she received the Nilkanth Award for the Best MLA of the Odisha Legislative Assembly.[25] In 2009, she lost the Lok Sabha election from Mayurbhanj Lok Sabha constituency as the BJD and BJP alliance had ended.[20] She was elected to the BJP National Executive (ST Morcha) in 2013, and was the district president until 2015.[25]
Governor of Jharkhand (2015–2021)
Murmu was sworn in as the Governor of Jharkhand on 18 May 2015, becoming the first woman to hold the position.[26] The BJP was in power in the Jharkhand Government for most of her six-year tenure as a governor and was also in power in the Union Government throughout her tenure.[27] She administered the oath of office to Hemant Soren as Chief Minister of Jharkhand in 2019.
Her six-year tenure as Governor began in May 2015 and ended in July 2021.[20]
Pathalgadi movement
In 2016–2017, the Raghubar Das ministry was seeking amendments to the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908, and the Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act, 1949. These two original laws had safeguarded the rights of tribal communities on their land. According to the existing laws, land transactions could only be done between tribal communities. The new amendments gave the tribals the right to allow the government to make commercial use of tribal land and to take tribal land on lease. The proposed bill amending the existing law had been approved by the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly. The bills were sent to Murmu for approval in November 2016.[27][28]
The tribal people had strongly objected to the proposed law. During the Pathalgadi movement, protests were held against the proposed amendments to the tenancy acts.[29] In one incident, the protest turned violent and the tribals abducted the security detail of the BJP Member of Parliament Karia Munda. Police responded with a violent crack-down on tribal communities, that caused the death of a tribal man. Criminal cases were filed against more than 200 people including the tribal rights activist Stan Swamy. Murmu was criticised for her soft stand on police aggression against tribal communities during the movement.[27] According to woman tribal rights activist Aloka Kujur she was expected to speak up to the government in support of the tribals but this did not happen, and instead she appealed to the Pathalgarhi agitation leaders to repose faith in the constitution.[27]
Murmu had received total of 192 memorandums against the amendments in the bill.[27] Then opposition leader Hemant Soren had said that the BJP government wanted to acquire tribal land through the two amendment Bills for the benefit of corporates. Opposition parties Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, the Indian National Congress, the Jharkhand Vikas Morcha and others had put intense pressure against the bill.[29] On 24 May 2017, Murmu relented and refused to give assent to the bills and returned the bill to the state government along with the memorandums she had received. The bill was later withdrawn in August 2017.[27]
Religion and land bill
In 2017, she approved the Freedom of Religion Bill, 2017, and the bill to amend the Land Acquisition 2013 Act passed by the Jharkhand Assembly.[30]
The new religion bill makes it an offence subject to a penalty of three years in prison, to coerce or lure a person to convert their religion. If the person coerced is a member of a Scheduled Caste or Tribe, a minor, or female, the prison term increases to four years. Fines can be levied in any case. The bill also made it mandatory for voluntary converts, to inform the Deputy Commissioner about their conversion, and to give full details about the circumstances.[30]
The amendments in the Land Acquisition Act, 2013, involved changes in the compensation duration and requirements for social impacts assessment. According to the passed law, monetary compensation for government acquisition of tribal land must be paid within six months of acquisition. The requirement for social impact assessments was dropped for some types of infrastructure projects.[30]
Presidency (2022–present)
In June 2022, the BJP nominated Murmu as the National Democratic Alliance (NDA)'s candidate for President of India for the 2022 Indian presidential election the following month. Yashwant Sinha, was nominated as the candidate for president by the opposition parties.[31][32][33] On 21 July 2022, Murmu secured a clear majority in the 2022 presidential election defeating common opposition candidate Yashwant Sinha with 676,803 electoral votes (64.03% of total) in 21 of the 28 states (including in the union territory of Puducherry) to become the 15th President of India.[34]
On 26 July 2022, Droupadi Murmu took the oath as the 15th President of India which was administered by the 48th Chief Justice of India N. V. Ramana in the presence of former presidents, the vice-president, prime minister, and other delegates.[35]
She is the first person from India's designated tribal communities to be elected president.[37][38] She is the youngest and first individual born after India's independence in 1947 to have been elected president.[39] Murmu is the second woman after Pratibha Patil to serve as president.[5]
In September 2022, she launched a government program 'Pradhanmantri TB mukht Bharat' – an initiative to eradicate tuberculosis from the country.[40]
In May 2023, a row arose when the New Parliament House, under the Central Vista Project was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The opposition demanded it to be inaugurated by Murmu as the constitutional head of state, and boycotted the ceremony. However, later, Murmu stated that the "Prime Minister symbolises parliament's trust, and she was proud and deeply satisfied with the inauguration".[41][42]
On 29 February 2024, she addressed the inaugural session of the International Conference on Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (ICDRI) and emphasized India's commitment to global cooperation in building resilient infrastructure.[43]
On 8 March 2024, President Murmu presented the Nari Shakti Puraskar at Rashtrapati Bhavan on International Women's Day. She commended the awardees for their outstanding contributions to women's empowerment across various sectors.[44]
On 27 June 2024, Murmu addressed a joint sitting of the Parliament of India at the beginning of the 18th Lok Sabha. She hailed the record voter turnout and the participation of all sections of society, including the people of Jammu and Kashmir, and lauded their commitment to strengthening Indian democracy.[45]
On 9 March 2025, she inaugurated the second edition of Vividhta Ka Amrit Mahotsav at Rashtrapati Bhavan, a cultural festival celebrating South Indian traditions, crafts, and cuisines. The event aimed to promote unity in diversity and local artisanship.[46] After the inauguration of C. P. Radhakrishnan as the new vice president, she became the first president to serve with three vice presidents.
Electoral history
2000 Orissa Legislative Assembly election: Rairangpur[47]
| Party
|
Candidate
|
Votes
|
%
|
±%
|
| BJP
|
Droupadi Murmu
|
25,110
|
34.15
|
| INC
|
Laxman Majhi
|
20,542
|
27.93
|
| JMM
|
Braja Mohan Hansdah
|
10,485
|
14.26
|
| Majority
|
4,568
|
6.21
|
| Turnout
|
74,997
|
59.81
|
| Registered electors
|
125,385
|
| BJP gain from INC
|
2004 Orissa Legislative Assembly election: Rairangpur[48]
| Party
|
Candidate
|
Votes
|
%
|
±%
|
| BJP
|
Droupadi Murmu
|
29,295
|
32.66
|
| JMM
|
Ram Chandra Murmu
|
29,253
|
32.62
|
| INC
|
Laxman Majhi
|
22,551
|
25.14
|
| Majority
|
42
|
0.05
|
| Turnout
|
89,689
|
68.3
|
| Registered electors
|
131,315
|
| BJP hold
|
In 2009 election, Biju Janata Dal candidate Laxman Tudu defeated Jharkhand Mukti Morcha candidate Sudam Marndi by a margin of 66,178 votes.[8]
2009 Indian general elections: Mayurbhanj
| Party
|
Candidate
|
Votes
|
%
|
±%
|
| BJD
|
Laxman Tudu
|
256,648
|
31.08
|
| JMM
|
Sudam Marndi
|
190,470
|
23.06
|
| BJP
|
Droupadi Murmu
|
150,827
|
18.26
|
| INC
|
Laxman Majhi
|
140,770
|
17.04
|
| Independent
|
Rameswar Majhi
|
25,603
|
3.10
|
| Majority
|
66,178
|
8.02
|
| Turnout
|
824,754
|
70.27
|
| BJD gain from JMM
|
2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election: Rairangpur[49]
| Party
|
Candidate
|
Votes
|
%
|
±%
|
| BJD
|
Saiba Sushil Kumar Hansdah
|
51,062
|
32.72
|
| BJP
|
Droupadi Murmu
|
44,679
|
22.76
|
| JMM
|
Purna Chandra Marndi
|
28,838
|
18.48
|
| INC
|
Shyam Charan Hansdah
|
19,075
|
12.22
|
| NOTA
|
None of the above
|
1,096
|
0.7
|
| Majority
|
15,556
|
9.96
|
| Turnout
|
156,035
|
74.22
|
| BJD gain from INC
|
Results of the 2022 Indian presidential election[50][51]
| Candidate
|
Coalition
|
Individual
votes
|
Electoral
College votes
|
%
|
| Droupadi Murmu
|
National Democratic Alliance
|
2,824
|
676,803
|
64.03
|
| Yashwant Sinha
|
United
|
1877
|
380,177
|
35.97
|
| Valid votes
|
4,701
|
1,056,980
|
98.89
|
| Blank and invalid votes
|
53
|
15,397
|
1.11
|
| Total
|
4,754
|
1,072,377
|
100
|
| Registered voters / Turnout
|
4,809
|
1,086,431
|
98.86
|
Awards and honours
See also
- Presidency of Droupadi Murmu
- List of presidents of India
- List of governors of Jharkhand
- List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government
Further reading
External links
- Media related to Droupadi Murmu at Wikimedia Commons